2013年中国居民预期寿命和去死因预期寿命分析

目的 系统分析2013年我国不同地区、不同人群预期寿命及主要疾病对预期寿命的影响程度,揭示我国经济和社会发展对居民健康水平及公平性提高的影响和作用。方法 综合利用国家统计局人口普查及国家卫生和计划生育委员会人口死亡登记数据,采用指数模型、漏报调整及简略寿命表等方法,系统估算我国居民2013年人均预期寿命水平及疾病影响程度。结果 2013年我国居民预期寿命为75.8岁,较2010年的74.8岁提高约1岁。其中城市约为77.4岁,农村约为75.1岁,城乡差距约为2.3岁;东部地区约为77.2岁,中部地区约为75.8岁,西部地区约为73.5岁,东西地区差距约为3.6岁。2013年造成我国居民预期寿命损失的前10位疾病分别为脑血管病,缺血性心脏病,慢性阻塞性肺病,肺、气管和支气管癌,道路伤害,肝癌,胃癌,高血压心脏病,下呼吸道感染,食道癌,共造成寿命损失7.97岁。结论 我国居民预期寿命已处于较高水平,地区间差异依然存在,应制定针对不同地区的疾病管理、医疗救治及危险因素干预政策,使预期寿命进一步提高,并提高生存质量。     

Epidemiology of maternal morbidity and mortality

Maternal morbidity and mortality remains a significant health care concern in the United States, as the rates continue to rise despite efforts to improve maternal health. In 2013, the United States ranked 60th in maternal mortality worldwide. We review the definitions, rates, trends, and top causes of severe maternal morbidity and mortality, as well as risk factors for adverse maternal outcomes. We describe current local and national initiatives in place to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality and offer suggestions for future research.     

Trends in maternal mortality in the United States

Maternal mortality is a major global concern. Although a notable decline in maternal mortality in the United States occurred during the mid-20th century, this progress stalled during the late 20th century. Furthermore, maternal mortality rates have increased during the early 21st century. Around the year 2000 the maternal mortality rate began to rise and has since nearly doubled. Given that at least half of maternal deaths in the U.S. are preventable, the rise in maternal deaths in the U.S. is historic and worrisome. This overview will try to provide a context for understanding the problem of this rise in maternal mortality in the U.S. by briefly discussing how maternal mortality rates are reported from National Vital Statistics data and from a National Surveillance system. Trends and causes of maternal deaths and the difficulty with interpreting these trends will be discussed.     

Preventable maternal mortality: Geographic/rural-urban differences and associated factors from the population-based maternal mortality surveillance system in China

Background  

Most maternal deaths in developing countries can be prevented. China is among the 13 countries with the most maternal deaths; however, there has been a marked decrease in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) over the last 3 decades. China's reduction in the MMR has contributed significantly to the global decline of the MMR. This study examined the geographic and rural-urban differences, time trends and related factors in preventable maternal deaths in China during 1996-2005, with the aim of providing reliable evidence for effective interventions.